ЕМОЦІЙНЕ ВИГОРАННЯ МЕДИЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ЯК ПРОБЛЕМА МЕДИЧНОЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ШЛЯХИ ПОДОЛАННЯ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/umv-2024.2.8Ключові слова:
медична психологія, медичні працівники, емоційне вигорання, самодопомога, психологічні інтервенціїАнотація
Емоційне вигорання є однією з ключових проблем сучасної медичної психології, яка загрожує не лише психічному здоров’ю медичних працівників, а і якості медичної допомоги. У статті розглянуто теоретичні основи синдрому емоційного вигорання, його причини, прояви та наслідки. Проаналізовано основні індивідуальні та організаційні чинники ризику, серед яких – хронічний стрес, надмірне навантаження, емоційне виснаження, моральна травма та стигматизація звернення за психологічною допомогою. Окрему увагу приділено наслідкам вигорання для системи охорони здоров’я – підвищенню ризику медичних помилок, «плинності» кадрів, депресії та суїцидальності серед медиків. Представлено сучасні підходи до профілактики та подолання вигорання – когнітивно-поведінкову терапію, практики усвідомленості, самодопомогу, а також структурні інтервенції на рівні закладів охорони здоров’я. Підкреслюється необхідність системного підходу до підтримки медичних працівників і формування культури психічного благополуччя, яка враховує як особисті, так й організаційні потреби. Запропоновано комплексні рекомендації щодо запобігання емоційному вигоранню на національному та місцевому рівнях.
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